-
1 Chappe, Claude
SUBJECT AREA: Telecommunications[br]b. 25 December 1763 Brulon, Franced. 23 January 1805 Paris, France[br]French engineer who invented the semaphore visual telegraph.[br]Chappe began his studies at the Collège de Joyeuse, Rouen, and completed them at La Flèche. He was educated for the church with the intention of becoming an Abbé Commendataire, but this title did not in fact require him to perform any religious duties. He became interested in natural science and amongst other activities he carried out experiments with electrically charged soap bubbles.When the bénéfice was suppressed in 1781 he returned home and began to devise a system of telegraphic communication. With the help of his three brothers, particularly Abraham, and using an old idea, in 1790 he made a visual telegraph with suspended pendulums to relay coded messages over a distance of half a kilometre. Despite public suspicion and opposition, he presented the idea to the Assemblée Nationale on 22 May 1792. No doubt due to the influence of his brother, Ignace, a member of the Assemblée Nationale, the idea was favourably received, and on 1 April 1793 it was referred to the National Convention as being of military importance. As a result, Chappe was given the title of Telegraphy Engineer and commissioned to construct a semaphore (Gk. bearing a sign) link between Paris and Lille, a distance of some 240 km (150 miles), using twenty-two towers. Each station contained two telescopes for observing the adjacent towers, and each semaphore consisted of a central beam supporting two arms, whose positions gave nearly two hundred possible arrangements. Hence, by using a code book as a form of lookup table, Chappe was able to devise a code of over 8,000 words. The success of the system for communication during subsequent military conflicts resulted in him being commissioned to extend it with further links, a work that was continued by his brothers after his suicide during a period of illness and depression. Providing as it did an effective message speed of several thousand kilometres per hour, the system remained in use until the mid-nineteenth century, by which time the electric telegraph had become well established.[br]Further ReadingR.Appleyard, 1930, Pioneers of Electrical Communication.International Telecommunications Union, 1965, From Semaphore to Satellite, Geneva.See also: Morse, Samuel Finley BreezeKF -
2 Telecommunications
См. также в других словарях:
Chappe, Claude — ▪ French engineer and clergyman born Dec. 25, 1763, Brûlon, Fr. died Jan. 23, 1805, Paris French engineer and cleric who converted an old idea into a reality by inventing the semaphore visual telegraph. His brother Ignace Chappe… … Universalium
Chappe, Claude — ► (1763 1805) Ingeniero y físico francés. Creador del telégrafo aéreo … Enciclopedia Universal
Chappe — Chappe, Claude … Enciclopedia Universal
Claude Chappe — Born December 25, 1763 Brûlon, Sarthe Died January 23, 1805 Pa … Wikipedia
Chappe — (Claude) (1763 1805) physicien français qui créa le télégraphe aérien (1794: entre Paris et Lille). ⇒CHAPE, CHAPPE, subst. fém. A. HABILLEMENT 1. Vx. Synon. de cape. Elle est vêtue, malgré la saison, d une immense chape de chinchilla (R. MARTIN… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Claude Chappe — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Chappe. Claude Chappe Naissance 25 … Wikipédia en Français
Claude Chappe — Archivo:AduC 175 Chappe, Chappero (Claude, 1765 1828).JPG Claude Chappe. Claude Chappe (Brûlon, 25 de diciembre de 1763 – París, 23 de enero de 1805) fue un inventor francés. En 1792 demostró un sistema práctico de telegrafía óptica que se… … Wikipedia Español
Claude Chappe — Nachbau auf d … Deutsch Wikipedia
Chappe — may refer to: Claude Chappe (1763 – 1805), French inventor David Chappe (1947 2002), American screenwriter Georges Chappe (b. 1944), French cyclist Chappe (crater), lunar crater 16238 Chappe, main belt asteroid Chappe, flap of leather attached to … Wikipedia
Chappe [2] — Chappe (spr. schapp ), 1) Ignace Urbain Jean, Neffe des Astronomen Chappe d Auteroche, geb. 1760 in Rouen, gest. 26. Jan. 1829 in Paris, studierte die Rechte, wurde Beamter beim Finanzwesen und Deputierter des Sarthedépartements in der… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Claude Chappe — (Brúlon (Francia), 25 de diciembre de 1763 París, 23 de enero de 1805). Inventor francés que en 1792 demostró un sistema práctico de telegrafía óptica que se extendió por toda Francia. Este fue el primer sistema práctico de telecomunicaciones, y… … Enciclopedia Universal
